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1.
Rev. Ciênc. Saúde ; 13(3): 66-73, 20230921.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1511099

ABSTRACT

Objective: To reduce the incidence density of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) in the intensive care unit (ICU) using the Improvement Science method. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study. A collaborative quality improvement team developed and implemented local changes to HAI-related processes and protocols. Pre-intervention, intervention, and post-intervention periods were compared. The study was conducted at the Adult ICU of a hospital in southern Brazil. Variables were analyzed using interrupted time series analysis with segmented linear regression, simple correlation, and hypothesis testing. Results: There was a reduction in the incidence density of all infections. VAP was reduced from 27.2% to 7.2% (p < 0.001), CLABSI from 3.0% to 0.9% (p = 0.017), and CAUTI from 8.3% to 1.8% (p < 0.001). The ICU stay was also reduced from 6.7 to 6 days (p = 0.018). Conclusion: There was an improvement in all the evaluated parameters. Ongoing monitoring of related indicators and adherence to implemented measures are essential to sustain improvements. Applying the Improvement Science methodology can reduce the incidence of HAIs in the ICU.


Subject(s)
Humans
2.
DST j. bras. doenças sex. transm ; 34: 1-6, fev. 02, 2022.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1381742

ABSTRACT

Introduction: People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are generally overweight or have an altered body composition as compared to healthy individuals, showing a change in nutritional profile over time. Objective: The aim of the study was to characterize the nutritional status, estimate the prevalence of lipodystrophy, and examine the association between lipohypertrophy and lipid profile alterations, and other clinical data of HIV-infected individuals. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on male and female subjects living with HIV, treated at a specialized outpatient clinic, aged 18 years old and over, whether using the antiretroviral therapy or not. Results: The sample consisted of 420 people with a mean age of 43.8 years (standard deviation 11.7). The length of time of the HIV infection averaged 74.6 months, and 91% of the respondents were on antiretroviral therapy. Lipodystrophy prevalence was 35.7%. Of these, 82 (54.7%) presented lipohypertrophy, 61 (40.7%) had lipoatrophy and 7 (4.6%) had a mixed syndrome. Female gender, body mass index, fat percentage, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio were positively associated with the presence of lipohypertrophy (p<0.001). High mean total cholesterol (p=0.015) and LDL fraction (p=0.028) also showed a statistically significant association with lipohypertrophy. The sampled participants had a nutritional profile compatible with overweight or obesity. No association was found between lipohypertrophy and ART and the therapy duration. Conclusion: Considering the consequences of overweight as a cause of various pathological conditions, preventive measures and interventions are highly recommended for this population.


As pessoas que vivem com o HIV geralmente têm excesso de peso ou composição corporal alterada em relação aos indivíduos saudáveis, apresentando uma mudança no perfil nutricional ao longo do tempo. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar o estado nutricional, estimar a prevalência de lipodistrofia e examinar a associação entre lipohipertrofia e alterações no perfil lipídico e outros dados clínicos de indivíduos infectados pelo HIV. Métodos: Estudo transversal com indivíduos dos sexos masculino e feminino vivendo com HIV, atendidos em ambulatório especializado, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, em uso ou não de terapia antirretroviral. Resultados: A amostra foi composta de 420 pessoas com média de idade de 43,8 anos (desvio padrão 11,7). O tempo de infecção pelo HIV foi em média de 74,6 meses e 91% dos entrevistados estavam em terapia antirretroviral. A prevalência de lipodistrofia foi de 35,7%. Destes, 82 (54,7%) apresentavam lipohipertrofia, 61 (40,7%) lipoatrofia e 7 (4,6%) síndrome mista. Sexo feminino, índice de massa corporal, percentual de gordura, circunferência da cintura e relação cintura-quadril foram positivamente associados à presença de lipohipertrofia (p<0,001). As médias elevadas de colesterol total (p=0,015) e fração LDL (p=0,028) também mostraram associação estatisticamente significante com lipohipertrofia. Os participantes da amostra apresentavam perfil nutricional compatível com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Não foi encontrada associação entre lipohipertrofia e terapia antirretroviral e duração da terapia. Conclusão: Considerando as consequências do excesso de peso como causa de diversas patologias, medidas e intervenções preventivas são altamente recomendadas para essa população.


Subject(s)
Humans , Nutritional Status , HIV , Lipodystrophy , Body Mass Index , Waist-Hip Ratio , Obesity
3.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 31(2): e20211093, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1384897

ABSTRACT

Este estudo visou descrever a gestão e os resultados do evento-teste para flexibilização das medidas de distanciamento em Santa Catarina, Brasil. Trata-se de relato de experiência que descreveu os resultados do evento-teste, realizado em julho de 2021, quando os participantes foram submetidos ao teste diagnóstico de reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real 72-48 horas antes, sendo monitorados por 15 dias. Os desfechos analisados foram a infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 até 14 dias após o evento e a presença de sintomas. Entre 313 participantes, a média de idade foi de 45,1 anos e 54,3% eram do sexo feminino. No monitoramento, 7,7% (24) dos participantes contactados relataram sintomas compatíveis com infecção, embora, dos 240 que compareceram para testagem pós-evento, nenhum resultado tenha acusado presença do vírus. Não houve registro de casos de COVID-19 pós-evento. Sugere-se realização de outros eventos-teste para avaliar as recomendações indicadas.


Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la gestión y los resultados del evento test para flexibilizar las medidas de distanciamiento en Santa Catarina, Brasil. Este es un relato de experiencia que describe los resultados del evento, realizado en julio de 2021 y para el cual, los participantes se sometieron a la prueba diagnóstica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real, 72-48 horas antes, monitoreados durante 15 días. Los desenlaces analizados fueron la infección por SARS-CoV-2 hasta 14 días después del evento y presencia de síntomas. Entre 313 participantes, la edad promedio fue de 45,1 años y 54,3% fueran del sexo femenino. En el seguimiento, 7,7% (24) reportaron síntomas compatibles con infección, pero de los 240 que acudieron a los exámenes posteriores al evento, ninguno de los resultados detectó virus. No se informaron casos de COVID-19 posteriores al evento. Se sugiere realizar otros eventos de prueba para evaluar las recomendaciones indicadas.


This study aimed to describe the management and results of the test event for evaluating relaxation of social distancing measures in Santa Catarina, Brazil. This is an experience report that described results of the test event carried out in July 2021 and for which the participants underwent real-time polymerase chain reaction diagnostic testing 72-48 hours before the event and had follow-up for 15 days afterwards. The outcomes analyzed were SARS-CoV-2 infection up to 14 days after the event and presence of symptoms. Among 313 participants, the mean age was 45.1 years and 54.3% were female. During follow-up, 7.7% (24) of the contacted participants reported symptoms compatible with infection, but of the 240 who attended post-event testing, none of the results detected the presence of the virus. No post-event COVID-19 cases were reported. We suggest that other test events be carried out to evaluate the recommendations indicated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Epidemiological Monitoring , COVID-19/epidemiology , Spatial Behavior , Brazil/epidemiology
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 54: e03852021, 2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1347104

ABSTRACT

Abstract The use of coronavirus disease 2019 RNA vaccines in pregnant women led to reports on the first cases of newborns with antibodies to sudden acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a phenomenon that was unknown when using immunizations with inactivated viruses. Thus, this study aimed to report a case of passive anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity in a newborn through immunoprophylaxis of a pregnant woman who received the CoronaVac® vaccine in the third trimester of pregnancy. Twenty-four hours after delivery, samples were collected from the newborn and screened by enzyme immunoassays, which revealed antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Vaccines , COVID-19 , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , SARS-CoV-2
5.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 57: e18064, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339301

ABSTRACT

Medication discrepancies are of great concern in hospitals because they pose risks to patients and increase health care costs. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of inconsistent medication prescriptions to adult patients admitted to a hospital in southern Santa Catarina, Brazil. This was a patient safety study on patients recruited between November 2015 and June 2016. The participants were interviewed and had their medical records reviewed. Discrepant medications were considered those that did not match between the list of medicines taken at home and the prescribed drugs for treatment in a hospital setting. Of the 394 patients included, 98.5% took continuous-use medications at home, with an average of 5.5 medications per patient. Discrepancies totaled 80.2%, The independent variables associated with the discrepancies were systemic arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, vascular disease, number of medications taken at home, and poor documentation of the medications in the medical record. Findings from this study allowed us to conclude there was a high rate of prescription medication misuse. Medication reconciliation is crucial in reducing these errors. Pharmacists can help reduce these medication-related errors and the associated risks and complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Pharmacists/ethics , Drug Prescriptions/standards , Health Care Costs , Medication Reconciliation/ethics , Medication Errors/adverse effects , Patients/classification , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Medical Records/statistics & numerical data , Patient Safety , Drug Misuse/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals/supply & distribution
6.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 53: e20200579, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | SES-SP, ColecionaSUS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1143872

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a potentially fatal disease, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The number of cases has increased rapidly, but information on the clinical characteristics remains limited. METHODS: Cohort study. We collected and analyzed epidemiological, demographic, and clinical data of critically and noncritically ill patients and compared the outcomes. RESULTS: The mean age of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was 54 years (standard deviation 16.9; 53.8% men), 29% required ICU admission, and 18.6% died. CONCLUSIONS: The main risk factors for ICU admission were age over 60 years, obesity, and preexisting chronic lung diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Critical Illness , Pandemics , Hospitalization , Intensive Care Units , Middle Aged
7.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 29(4): e2020499, 2020. graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124773

ABSTRACT

Apresenta-se o relato de experiência da integração entre serviços de saúde públicos e privados, gestores e universidade, para a vigilância e controle da epidemia de COVID-19 em Tubarão, SC, Brasil. A cidade, universitária, cenário de grande fluxo de pessoas de diferentes locais do país, foi um dos primeiros municípios do estado catarinense com transmissão comunitária do SARS-CoV-2. São detalhadas as medidas adotadas com a criação do Comitê de Monitoramento da COVID-19, do Centro de Operações de Emergências Municipais em Saúde, e do Plano de Contingência da Doença. Passados 100 dias de pandemia, foram 5.979 casos notificados e 431 (7,2%) confirmados, dos quais 5 (1,2%) foram a óbito. Decisões precoces - suspensão imediata das atividades de comércio e eventos com aglomeração - podem ter limitado a propagação do vírus. As parcerias estabelecidas trazem inovação e subsidiam a gestão pública nas tomadas de decisão pautadas em evidências científicas.


Se presenta la experiencia de la integración entre los servicios de Salud Pública y privados, los administradores y la universidad para la vigilancia y el control de la epidemia de COVID-19 en Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brasil. La ciudad universitaria, con un gran flujo de personas de diferentes partes del país, fue uno de los primeros municipios del estado con transmisión comunitaria de SARS-CoV-2. Las medidas adoptadas se detallan con la creación del Comité de Monitoreo COVID-19, el Centro de Operaciones Municipales de Emergencia en Salud y un Plan de Contingencia de la Enfermedad. Después de 100 días de pandemia, se reportaron 5,979 casos, 431 (7,2%) confirmados, de los cuales cinco (1,2%) murieron. Las decisiones precoces, la suspensión inmediata de las actividades comerciales y de los eventos con aglomeración han reducido la propagación del virus. Las asociaciones establecidas aportan innovación y subsidian la gestión pública en la toma de decisiones basadas en evidencia científica.


This article presents an experience report about integration between public and private health services, health service managers and the academy, for surveillance and control of the COVID-19 epidemic, in the municipality of Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The city is home to a university and has a large flow of people from different parts of the country, as well as being one of the first municipalities in the state of Santa Catarina to report cases of community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The measures adopted included the implementation of the COVID-19 Monitoring Committee, the Municipal Health Emergency Operations Center, and the COVID-19 Contingency Plan. After 100 days of pandemic, 5,979 cases had been reported, 431 (7.2%) had been confirmed, of which five (1.2%) died. Early decisions, such as the immediate suspension of business activities and crowded events, may have reduced the spread of the virus. The partnerships put into place have provided innovation and supported public service management in decision-making based upon scientific evidence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Public-Private Sector Partnerships/organization & administration , Health Plan Implementation , Interinstitutional Relations , Brazil/epidemiology , Advisory Committees , Pandemics , Public Health Surveillance , Epidemiological Monitoring
8.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 23: e200054, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1101579

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Objective: To verify the internal construct validity of the Brazilian Portuguese version of a tool for measuring the general population's knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV). Materials and methods: A cross-culturally adapted Brazilian Portuguese version of a measurement tool originally designed for English speaking populations was administered to 330 adults in Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. After examining the overall suitability of the method, we performed investigations based on the item response theory and exploratory factor analysis. Results: Ten of the 29 items presented a low contribution to the construct and were excluded from subsequent analysis. The factor analysis yielded three factors, which explained approximately 51% of the variance variability. A different arrangement from the original measurement tool was found: general HPV knowledge, with six items; HPV vaccination knowledge, with five items; HPV transmission and testing knowledge, with eight items. Conclusion: The Brazilian Portuguese version under study presented a different behavior from the original measurement tool, but proved to be a reliable and valid instrument in assessing the Brazilian population's knowledge about HPV.


RESUMO: Objetivo: Verificar a validade interna do construto da versão em português de uma ferramenta para aferir o conhecimento da população sobre o papilomavírus humano (HPV). Materiais e métodos: Uma versão brasileira transculturalmente adaptada de uma ferramenta de aferição de conhecimento sobre HPV originalmente projetada para ser utilizada em populações de língua inglesa foi aplicada a 330 adultos em Tubarão/SC, Brasil. Após examinar a adequação geral do método, foram realizadas análises baseadas na Teoria de Resposta ao Item e na Análise Fatorial Exploratória. Resultados: Dez dos 29 itens apresentaram baixa contribuição para o construto e foram excluídos das análises subsequentes. Três fatores foram gerados pela análise fatorial e explicaram aproximadamente 51% da variabilidade da variância. Um arranjo diferente em relação ao instrumento de medida original foi encontrado, baseado em: conhecimento geral do HPV, com seis perguntas; conhecimento sobre vacinação contra o HPV, com cinco perguntas; e conhecimento sobre transmissão e teste de HPV com oito perguntas. Conclusão: A versão brasileira em estudo apresentou um comportamento diferente da ferramenta de aferição original, mas demonstrou ser um instrumento confiável e válido para acessar o conhecimento da população brasileira sobre o HPV.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Papillomaviridae , Translations , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Surveys and Questionnaires , Brazil , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Middle Aged
10.
J. bras. nefrol ; 41(4): 492-500, Out.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056600

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a major complication of hemodialysis, with a prevalence of about 25% during hemodialysis sessions, causing increased morbidity and mortality. Objective: To study the effects of sertraline to prevent IDH in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This was a double-blind, crossover clinical trial comparing the use of sertraline versus placebo to reduce intradialytic hypotension. Results: Sixteen patients completed the two phases of the study during a 12-week period. The IDH prevalence was 32%. A comparison between intradialytic interventions, intradialytic symptoms, and IDH episodes revealed no statistical difference in the reduction of IDH episodes (p = 0.207) between the two intervention groups. However, the risk of IDH interventions was 60% higher in the placebo group compared to the sertraline group, and the risk of IDH symptoms was 40% higher in the placebo group compared to the sertraline group. Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier estimator supported the results of this study. Sertraline presented a number needed to treat (NNT) of 16.3 patients to prevent an episode from IDH intervention and 14.2 patients to prevent an episode from intradialytic symptoms. Conclusion: This study suggests that the use of sertraline may be beneficial to reduce the number of symptoms and ID interventions, although there was no statistically significant difference in the blood pressure levels.


Resumo Introdução: A hipotensão intradialítica (HID) é uma das principais complicações da hemodiálise, com uma prevalência de cerca de 25% durante as sessões de hemodiálise, causando aumento da morbimortalidade. Objetivo: Estudar os efeitos da sertralina na prevenção da HID em pacientes em hemodiálise. Métodos: Este foi um ensaio clínico duplo-cego, cruzado, comparando o uso de sertralina versus placebo para reduzir a hipotensão intradialítica. Resultados: Dezesseis pacientes completaram as duas fases do estudo durante um período de 12 semanas. A prevalência de HID foi de 32%. Uma comparação entre intervenções intradialíticas, sintomas intradialíticos (ID) e episódios de HID não revelou diferença estatística na redução dos episódios de HID (p = 0,207) entre os dois grupos de intervenção. No entanto, o risco de intervenções para HID foi 60% maior no grupo placebo em comparação com o grupo Sertralina, e o risco de sintomas ID foi 40% maior no grupo placebo em comparação com o grupo Sertralina. A análise de sobrevida utilizando o estimador de Kaplan-Meier corroborou os resultados deste estudo. A sertralina apresentou um número necessário para tratar (NNT) de 16,3 pacientes para prevenir um episódio de intervenção de HID e 14,2 pacientes para prevenir um episódio de sintomas intradialíticos. Conclusão: Este estudo sugere que o uso de sertralina pode ser benéfico para reduzir o número de sintomas e intervenções de HID, embora não tenha havido diferença estatisticamente significante nos níveis pressóricos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Sertraline/therapeutic use , Renal Insufficiency/therapy , Hypotension/physiopathology , Placebos/administration & dosage , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Blood Pressure/physiology , Double-Blind Method , Prevalence , Renal Dialysis/mortality , Cross-Over Studies , Renal Insufficiency/complications , Hypotension/prevention & control , Hypotension/epidemiology
11.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 55: e17739, 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039073

ABSTRACT

To estimate the frequency of the use of medicines listed in the Screening Tool to Alert Doctors to the Right Treatment (START) and Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria version 2 among the elderly. A cross-sectional study was conducted on elderly who were attended in medical clinic and cardiology sectors in a hospital in southern Brazil attended at a hospital from February through September 2016. A data-collection tool was used to obtain information on variables, such as demographic and clinical data, and medications used before and during the hospitalization period. The adequacy of the medicines taken was examined with regard to omission (START) or inappropriate use (STOPP). This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Southern Santa Catarina. A total of 307 subjects were included in the final sample. The mean age was 75.2 years (SD = 8; range 65-102). Of the total, 93.5% had had at least one potential prescribing omission (PPO) listed in the START criteria, whereas 95.4% used at least one medicine of the STOPP criteria. PPO was significantly associated with lower mean age (74.9 years, SD = 7.9 versus 79.0 years, SD = 8.8) among the elderly who did not have PPOs detected by the START criteria (p-value=0.03). Furthermore, PPO was associated with longer hospital stay (18 versus 9 days; p-value=0.03). This study revealed inadequate prescription affecting 99.3% of the participating patients. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first to use the START and STOPP criteria, version 2, in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aged , Drug Evaluation/instrumentation , Potentially Inappropriate Medication List/standards , Hospitals/classification , Unified Health System/classification , Polypharmacy , Inappropriate Prescribing
12.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 52: e20180418, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041510

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: We evaluated the epidemiological and clinical profile of reported cases of bee sting incidents in Santa Catarina, Brazil. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included all reported cases of bee sting incidents among the population of Santa Catarina from 2007 to 2017. RESULTS: In total, 8,912 cases were reported, corresponding to an overall rate of 12.3/100,000 population. The mean age was 29,8 years with 60.2% men. The lethality rate was 0.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Santa Catarina has a high incidence rate of bee stings, which is higher than the national average. The data presented in this study may be underestimated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Bee Venoms/poisoning , Bees , Insect Bites and Stings/mortality , Brazil/epidemiology , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Disease Notification , Spatial Analysis , Middle Aged
13.
Sci. med. (Porto Alegre, Online) ; 28(4): ID30301, out-dez 2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-963668

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To analyze factors associated with physical activity levels among older women attending social groups for the elderly. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly women enrolled in the Municipal Social Development Foundation in the city of Tubarão, in south Brazil. Sociodemographic and health status variables were evaluated through questionnaires administered during interviews, and by anthropometric evaluation. The level of physical activity was assessed using the Modified Baecke Questionnaire for the Elderly. Quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment for older adults. RESULTS: Out of 306 elderly women included in the study, 214 (69.9%) were defined as physically inactive and 92 (30.1%) were active. The proportion of physically active participants between 60-69 years of age was 52.2%, between 70-79 years was 40.2% and equal or more than 80 years was 7.6% (p=0.011). No other sociodemographic or anthropometric characteristics were associated with physical activity. In the non-adjusted analysis there was association between physical activity and better quality of life, as well as with fewer diseases. There was a weak negative correlation between physical activity and number of diseases (correlation coefficient=0.215) and a weak positive correlation between physical activity and quality of life scores (correlation coefficient=0.284). In the adjusted analysis, physical activity remained as a protection factor for loss of quality of life: prevalence ratio=0.88 (95% confidence interval=0.81-0.96), p=0.003. CONCLUSIONS: The study concluded that physical activity in elderly women was associated with better quality of life, even when adjusted for age


OBJETIVOS: Analisar os fatores associados aos níveis de atividade física em mulheres idosas que frequentam grupos sociais para idosos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, realizado com mulheres idosas cadastradas na Fundação Municipal de Desenvolvimento Social, na cidade de Tubarão, no sul do Brasil. As variáveis sociodemográficas e de estado de saúde foram avaliadas por meio de questionários aplicados durante as entrevistas e por avaliação antropométrica. O nível de atividade física foi avaliado pelo Questionário Baecke Modificado para Idosos. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo questionário World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment for older adults. RESULTADOS: Das 306 idosas incluídas no estudo, 214 (69,9%) foram definidas como fisicamente inativas e 92 (30,1%) como ativas. A proporção de participantes fisicamente ativas entre 60-69 anos de idade foi de 52,2%, entre 70-79 anos foi de 40,2% e igual ou maior que 80 anos foi de 7,6% (p=0,011). Nenhuma outra característica sociodemográfica ou antropométrica foi associada à atividade física. Na análise não ajustada houve associação entre atividade física e melhor qualidade de vida, assim como com menos doenças. Houve correlação negativa fraca entre atividade física e número de doenças (coeficiente de correlação= ­0.215) e positiva fraca entre atividade física e nível de qualidade de vida (coeficiente de correlação=0.284). Na análise ajustada, a atividade física permaneceu como fator de proteção para perda de qualidade de vida: razão de prevalência=0,88 (intervalo de confiança 95%=0,81-0,96), p=0,003. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo concluiu que a atividade física em mulheres idosas foi associada à melhor qualidade de vida, mesmo na análise ajustada por idade.


Subject(s)
Aging , Health of the Elderly , Aged , Exercise , Comorbidity
14.
ACM arq. catarin. med ; 47(2): 87-100, abr. - jun. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-913568

ABSTRACT

A aptidão física se mostra importante em qualquer fase da vida, mas na infância e na adolescência possui um papel fundamental. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a aptidão física relacionada à saúde de escolares brasileiros praticantes de karatê e comparar as diferenças entre os sexos. Realizou-se estudo epidemiológico transversal, de base escolar, com alunos da rede pública e privada do município de Tubarão (SC), praticantes de karatê. A aptidão física relacionada à saúde foi avaliada mediante a realização dos testes motores sentar e alcançar, abdominal modificado em um minuto e, corrida/caminhada de nove minutos. O índice de massa corporal foi utilizado para classificação nutricional e o somatório das espessuras de dobras cutâneas tricipital e panturrilha medial foi utilizado como indicador de gordura corporal. Todos os critérios e as classificações utilizados foram recomendados pelo Physical Best. Foi adotado significância de p<0,05. A classificação obtida através do índice de massa corporal indica que 77,8% dos meninos e 69,6% das meninas encontram-se com estado nutricional adequado. Na avaliação da gordura corporal, 50% dos meninos e 74,7% das meninas possuem quantidade adequada. Nos testes motores, alcançaram os critérios estabelecidos 48,1% dos meninos e 63,3% das meninas no sentar-e-alcançar; 45,4% e 30,4%, respectivamente, no abdominal modificado em um minuto, e 22,2% e 48,1%, respectivamente, na corrida/caminhada de nove minutos. Em conclusão, os resultados indicam que a prática regular de karatê possa contribuir para o desenvolvimento de melhores índices de aptidão física relacionada à saúde de escolares.


Physical fitness shows very important at any stage of life, but in childhood and adolescence has a very important role. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to analyze the health-related physical fitness Brazilians schoolchildren who practice karate and to compare the differences between the sexes. A cross-sectional study was realized, school-based, performed with students from public and private schools of Tubarão municipality (SC), karate practitioners. The health-related physical fitness was evaluated by motor tests, sit and reach, modified sit-ups in one minute and nine minutes run/walk. The body mass index was used for nutritional classification and the sum of skinfold thicknesses of triceps and medial calf was used as indicator of body fat. All used criteria and ratings were referenced by the "Physical Best". A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The classification obtained through the body mass index indicates that 77,8% of boys and 69,6% of girls are with good nutritional status. In the assessment of body fat, 50,0% of boys and 74,7% girls have a proper amount. In motor tests, 48,1% of boys and 63,3% girls in sit-and-reach; 45,4% and 30,4% respectively, in the modified sit-ups in one minute, and 22,2% and 48,1%, respectively, in the nine minutes run/walk reached the established criteria. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the regular practice of karate can contribute to the development of better students of health-related physical fitness rates.

15.
J. bras. nefrol ; 39(3): 337-340, July-Sept. 2017.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893780

ABSTRACT

Abstract The main causes of hypokalemia are usually evident in the clinical history of patients, with previous episodes of vomiting, diarrhea or diuretic use. However, in some patients the cause of hypokalemia can become a challenge. In such cases, two major components of the investigation must be performed: assessment of urinary excretion potassium and the acid-base status. This article presents a case report of a patient with severe persistent hypokalemia, complementary laboratory tests indicated that's it was hypomagnesaemia and hypocalciuria associated with metabolic alkalosis, and increase of thyroid hormones. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis was included in the differential diagnosis, but evolved into euthyroid state, persisting with severe hypokalemia, which led to be diagnosed as Gitelman syndrome.


Resumo As principais causas de hipocalemia normalmente são evidentes na história clínica dos pacientes em investigação etiológica, com episódios prévios de vômitos, diarréia ou uso de diuréticos. Entretanto, em alguns pacientes, a causa da hipocalemia pode se tornar um desafio. Em tais casos, dois principais componentes da investigação devem ser realizados: avaliação da excreção do potássio urinário e do "status" ácido-básico. Este artigo traz um relato de caso de uma paciente portadora de hipocalemia grave persistente, com investigação laboratorial complementar caracterizada por hipomagnesemia e hipocalciúria, associada à alcalose metabólica e elevação dos hormômios tireoideanos. A apresen- tação inicial do quadro incluiu paralisia periódica tireotóxica como um dos principais diagnósticos diferenciais, porém, a paciente evoluiu para um es- tado eutireoideo e persistiu com grave hipocalemia, sendo, por fim, realizado diagnóstico clínico de Síndrome de Gitelman.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Gitelman Syndrome/diagnosis , Hypokalemia/diagnosis , Severity of Illness Index , Diagnosis, Differential
16.
Sci. med. (Porto Alegre, Online) ; 27(2): ID25208, abr-jun 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-848136

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Descrever o perfil de medicamentos utilizados em crianças internadas em um hospital geral. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo transversal, com dados coletados nos prontuários das crianças com idades entre zero e 12 anos, internadas no período de julho de 2013 a julho de 2014 no Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, em Tubarão, Santa Catarina. Foram coletadas as variáveis idade, sexo, tempo de internação, Código Internacional de Doenças da internação e medicamentos utilizados. Os medicamentos foram classificados segundo a Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 1.603 atendimentos de crianças até 12 anos no período estudado. O tempo de internação variou de um a 115 dias. O uso de medicamentos por internação variou de um a 77 medicamentos, com média de 9,84 medicamentos por paciente. Foram utilizados 211 diferentes tipos de medicamentos, sendo a maioria classificada como analgésicos atuantes no sistema nervoso central. Verificaram-se 303 códigos diferentes pelo Código Internacional de Doenças, sendo o diagnóstico mais prevalente a hipertrofia de amígdalas e de adenoides. Constatou-se a prescrição de sete tipos de fármacos não licenciados e 23 medicamentos com algum tipo de restrição para uso pediátrico. CONCLUSÕES: A média de medicamentos utilizados nas crianças internadas foi alta na amostra estudada, e a prescrição de fármacos não licenciados ou com algum tipo de restrição ao uso pediátrico foi um importante fator verificado neste estudo. Estes dados sugerem insuficiente atenção aos riscos e benefícios do uso de medicamentos em crianças, uma questão relevante que merece vigilância contínua e intensiva por diversos profissionais de saúde.


AIMS: To describe the profile of medications used in children admitted to a general hospital. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with children aged 0 to 12 years, admitted to the Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, in Tubarão, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, between July 2013 and July 2014. The following data were collected: f age, sex, length of hospital stay, International Classification of Diseases codes for hospitalization, and medications used. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system was used for the medications. RESULTS: The medical records of 1,603 children aged up to 12 years were analyzed. The hospital stay ranged from one to 115 days. The number of medications per admission ranged from one to 77, with an average of 9.84 medications per patient. A total of 211 different types of medications were used, most of which were classified as analgesic with central nervous system activity. Tonsillar hypertrophy and adenoid hypertrophy were the most prevalent disorders diagnosed among the 303 different International Classification of Diseases codes found in this study. Seven types of unlicensed medications and 23 drugs with some kind of restriction for pediatric use were prescribed. CONCLUSIONS: The average number of medications was high in hospitalized children, and the prescription of unlicensed drugs and those with some kind of restriction for pediatric use was an important factor. These data suggest poor attention to the risks and benefits of medication use in children ­ a relevant issue that requires continuous and intensive surveillance by different health professionals .


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Child, Hospitalized , Drug Utilization , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Pharmacoepidemiology , Hospitals, General
17.
Sci. med. (Porto Alegre, Online) ; 27(1): ID24806, jan-mar 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-847839

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o perfil dos pacientes submetidos ao cateterismo cardíaco e as complicações intra-hospitalares decorrentes da intervenção. MÉTODOS: Coorte retrospectiva com análise transversal da linha de base realizada no período entre 2007 e 2013, no setor de hemodinâmica de um hospital terciário da região sul do Brasil. O estudo incluiu pacientes submetidos ao cateterismo cardíaco diagnóstico ou terapêutico. Os dados foram extraídos de prontuários eletrônicos por meio de formulário padronizado e armazenados em base de dados para posterior análise. RESULTADOS: Dos 994 pacientes avaliados, 584 (58,8%) eram do gênero masculino. A média de idade foi de 61,4 anos. Hipertensão arterial sistêmica foi o fator de risco mais prevalente, sendo seguida de dislipidemia e diabetes mellitus. Em relação à apresentação clínica, 550 (55,3%) pacientes tinham síndrome coronariana aguda, 402 (40,4%) angina estável e 42 (4,2%) eram assintomáticos. A cineangiocoronariografia foi normal em 152 (15,3%) pacientes, e 842 (84,7%) apresentaram alterações. Destes, 251 (29,8%) apresentaram obstrução de padrão uniarterial, 190 (22,6%) biarterial e 401 (47,6%) triarterial. Verificou-se uma incidência de 15,6% para complicações, sendo que 1% dos pacientes sofreu algum evento maior (morte no procedimento ou complicações neurológicas durante a evolução hospitalar). O restante foi representado por insuficiência renal aguda (1,4%) e complicações vasculares locais (13,2%), principalmente hematoma no local de punção. Durante a internação hospitalar posterior, 50 pacientes (5%) evoluíram para óbito, sendo 46 (92%) mortes por causa cardíaca. CONCLUSÕES: Nesta amostra de pacientes submetidos ao cateterismo cardíaco houve predominância do gênero masculino e a média de idade foi de 61,4 anos. Os fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular mais frequentes foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica, dislipidemia e diabetes mellitus. O padrão de lesão coronariana mais comum foi triarterial. A principal indicação para a realização do procedimento foi síndrome coronariana aguda e a taxa de complicações foi de 15,6%, sendo hematoma no local de punção a complicação com maior incidência.


AIMS: To evaluate the profile of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization and in-hospital complications associated with the procedure. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of a retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in southern Brazil between 2007 and 2013. The study included patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic cardiac catheterization. The data were extracted from electronic medical records using a standardized form and stored in a database for further analysis. RESULTS: Out of 994 assessed patients, 584 (58.8%) were male. The mean age was 61.4 years. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor, followed by dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Regarding clinical presentation, 550 (55.3%) patients had acute coronary syndrome, 402 (40.4%) had stable angina, and 42 (4.2%) were asymptomatic. Cineangiography was normal in 152 (15.3%) patients and abnormal in 842 (84.7%). Of these, 251 (29.8%) had single vessel disease, 190 (22.6%) had double vessel disease, and 401 (47.6%) had triple vessel disease. The overall incidence of complications was 15.6%, and 1% of the patients suffered some kind of major event (death during the procedure and neurological complications during their hospital stay). Other complications included acute kidney injury (1.4%) and local vascular complications (13.2%), mainly hematoma at the puncture site. Fifty (5%) patients died during the hospital stay, 46 (92%) of them from cardiac causes. CONCLUSIONS: The patients undergoing cardiac catheterization were predominantly male, with mean age of 61.4 years. The most frequent risk factors for cardiovascular disease included hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. Most of the patients had triple vessel disease. The main indication for the procedure was acute coronary syndrome. The overall incidence of complications was 15.6% with predominance of hematoma at the puncture site.


Subject(s)
Cardiac Catheterization , Tertiary Healthcare , Coronary Disease
18.
Sci. med. (Porto Alegre, Online) ; 26(4): ID25246, out-dez 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-847113

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a prevalência de hiperglicemia e fatores associados, na população idosa residente de um município do sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, de base populacional, realizado com idosos (≥60 anos) residentes na cidade de Tubarão, estado de Santa Catarina, no período de setembro de 2010 a maio de 2011. Os idosos foram cadastrados pelos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde do Programa Estratégia Saúde da Família. Foram registrados dados sociodemográficos (idade, gênero, cor da pele, situação conjugal, situação de trabalho e escolaridade), dados comportamentais (atividade física, uso de álcool e tabagismo) e dados clínicos (obesidade, uso de medicamentos e história familiar de diabetes). Após responderem estas questões, os participantes eram agendados para comparecerem à unidade de saúde para coleta de sangue e medidas antropométricas. A prevalência de hiperglicemia foi avaliada a partir de exames de glicemia de jejum e foram considerados hiperglicêmicos os indivíduos com valores ≥126 mg/dL ou em uso de medicamentos hipoglicemiantes. Os participantes foram selecionados por amostragem aleatória simples. Para verificar associação entre as variáveis de interesse, foi aplicado o teste do qui-quadrado. O intervalo de confiança pré-estabelecido foi de 95% e o erro α de 5%. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 833 idosos, e 220 foram considerados hiperglicêmicos conforme os critérios da metodologia (prevalência de 26,4%). Dos pacientes inclusos no grupo hiperglicemia, 190 estavam em uso de hipoglicemiantes orais, e destes, 112 ainda apresentavam glicemia de jejum ≥126 mg/dL, enquanto 78 apresentavam glicemia de jejum <126 mg/dL. Ainda no grupo hiperglicemia, 30 pacientes apresentavam glicemia de jejum ≥126 mg/dL e não estavam em uso de hipoglicemiantes. Possuir pais com diagnóstico prévio de diabetes mellitus e ser obeso foram fatores associados à presença de hiperglicemia. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo sugere que uma grande parcela da população idosa tem hiperglicemia de jejum, necessitando de uma avaliação mais ampla para pesquisa do diabetes mellitus.


AIMS: To evaluate the prevalence of hyperglycemia and associated factors in the elderly population of a municipality in southern Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional population-based study, carried out with the elderly (≥60 years) living in the city of Tubarão, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from September 2010 to May 2011. Participants were selected by simple random sampling. The elderly were registered by the Community Health Agents of the Family's Health Strategy Program. Sociodemographic data (age, gender, skin color, marital status, employment status and education), behavioral data (physical activity, alcohol use and smoking) and clinical data (obesity, drug use and family history of diabetes) were recorded. After answering these questions the participants were scheduled to attend the clinic for blood collection and anthropometric measurements. The prevalence of hyperglycemia was assessed from fasting blood glucose tests, and individuals with values ≥126 mg/dL or use of hypoglycemic drugs were considered hyperglycemic. To assess the association between the variables of interest, the chi-square test was applied. The pre-determined confidence interval was of 95% and the error α of 5%. RESULTS: Eight hundred thirty-three elderly patients were included, and 220 were considered hyperglycemic according to the methodology criteria (prevalence of 26.4%). Of the patients included in the hyperglycemia group, 190 were using oral hypoglycemic drugs, and of these, 112 had also fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, while in 78 fasting glucose was <126 mg/dL. Also in the hyperglycemia group, 30 patients had fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL and were not on hypoglycemic treatment. Having parents diagnosed with diabetes and being obese were associated with the presence of hyperglycemia. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that a large portion of the elderly population has fasting hyperglycemia, requiring a wider evaluation for diabetes mellitus.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Diabetes Mellitus , Hyperglycemia
19.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 60(2): 108-114, abr.-jun. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-833034

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é um importante fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Leva à redução da expectativa de vida e possui elevada prevalência, caracterizando um problema de saúde pública, pois é a condição mais comum na atenção básica. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, no período compreendido entre dezembro de 2013 e fevereiro de 2014, em 423 indivíduos ≥ 18 anos. Para isso, aplicou-se questionário nas dependências dos postos de saúde, sendo aferidas pressão arterial e medidas antropométricas. Foi definida hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) à média das duas medidas ≥ 140 x 90 mmHg ou o uso de medicação anti-hipertensiva. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 50 anos (± 16,5). A prevalência de HAS foi de 37,6% (IC 95% 32,9-42,3). Quanto aos fatores associados à HAS, as variáveis que permaneceram com significância estatística após análise multivariada foram: idade (p < 0,001), tabagismo (p = 0,016), circunferência abdominal alterada (p = 0,014) e diabetes (p < 0,001). Apenas 59,9% dos hipertensos obtiveram um controle apropriado da doença. O medicamento mais utilizado para tratamento da HAS foi losartana (33,33%). Conclusão: Observou-se que mais de um terço da população estudada é hipertensa e possui um controle insatisfatório da doença. Verificou-se a necessidade de programas preventivos voltados à população masculina, a fumantes, a diabéticos, àqueles com obesidade central e a mulheres menopausadas(AU)


Introduction: Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It leads to reduced life expectancy and has a high prevalence, featuring a public health problem, as it is the most common condition in primary care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from Dec 2013 to Feb 2014 of 423 individuals ≥ 18 years of age. For this, a questionnaire was administered to the participants on the premises of health centers, where blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were carried out. Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) was defined as the average of the two measures ≥ 140 x 90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medication. Results: The mean age was 50 years (± 16.5). The prevalence of hypertension was 37.6% (95% CI 32.9-42.3). As for the factors associated with hypertension, the variables that remained statistically significant after multivariate analysis were age (p<0.001) smoking (p = 0.016), increased waist circumference (p = 0.014) and diabetes (p<0.001) . Only 59,9% of the hypertensives had an appropriate control of the disease. The most widely used drug for treatment of hypertension was losartan (33.33%). Conclusion: It was observed that more than a third of the studied population is hypertensive and has a unsatisfactory control of the disease. It was found a poor control of the disease and the need for preventive programs aimed at the male population, smokers, diabetics, those with central obesity, and menopausal women(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Prevalence , Hypertension/epidemiology , Health Centers , Risk Factors
20.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 49(1): 130-134, Jan.-Feb. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-776530

ABSTRACT

Abstract: New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) is a bacterial enzyme that renders the bacteria resistant to a variety of beta-lactam antibiotics. A 20-year-old man was hospitalized several times for surgical treatment and complications caused by a right-sided vestibular schwannoma. Although the patient acquired several multidrug-resistant infections, this study focuses on the NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter spp. infection. As it was resistant to all antimicrobials tested, the medical team developed a 20-day regimen of 750mg/day metronidazole, 2,000,000IU/day polymyxin B, and 100mg/day tigecycline. The treatment was effective, and the patient recovered and was discharged from the hospital.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Acinetobacter/enzymology , beta-Lactamases , Acinetobacter Infections/microbiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Acinetobacter/drug effects , Acinetobacter Infections/drug therapy , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Treatment Outcome , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
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